The Emergence and Evolutionary Background of Makran and the Zikri Sect in the 15th Century

Syed Naeem Badshah; Mehmet Ümit; Dogan Kaplan

doi:10.37556/al-idah.043.02.0964

Syed Naeem Badshah Postdoc scholar, Faculty of Theology, İlahiyat, Marmara University, Turkey
Mehmet Ümit Faculty of Theology, İlahiyat, Department of History of Islamic Sects” at Marmara University, Turkey
Dogan Kaplan Head of Department of the History of Islamic Sects, Necmenttin Erbakan University,Faculty of Theology (Basic Islamic Sciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37556/al-idah.043.02.0964

Keywords: Zikri Sect, Makran, Mahdavi Movement, Baloch Sufism, KohiMurad, Religious Evolution

Abstract

This study examines the historical evolution of the Zikri sect in Makran during the 15th century, tracing its roots to Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri’s Mahdavi movement. It explores how Mahdavi teachings, brought by preachers such as Mulla Usman bin Qasim Makrani, Sheikh Jalal Herati, and Qazi Nasiruddin, merged with local Baloch Sufi traditions, giving rise to a distinct spiritual identity centered on “Zikr”the collective remembrance of God.

By the 17th century, the movement evolved into an organized religious community with established rituals, leadership (Khalifahs), and sacred centers like KohiMurad near Turbat. During the British colonial period, the Zikris were recognized as a distinct religious community known for their discipline and peaceful coexistence.

The research concludes that the Zikri faith represents a synthesis of Mahdavi reformism, Baloch mysticism, and tribal egalitarianism, forming a unique socioreligious tradition that continues to influence Makran’s cultural identity. The study draws on works by Rizvi (1983), Tate (1910), Hughes (1885), Inayatullah Baloch (1987), and the Encyclopaedia of Islam (2002).